Breed Profile: Cocker Spaniel

The lineage of all spaniels traces back to Spain, where they were predominantly used to hunt game. Many believe that the breed was brought to England as early as the time of Caesar’s invasion, around 55 BCE. Used as hunting dogs on the estates of wealthy British citizens, spaniels quickly gained prestige as dogs with a discerning talent for hunting in forests, pointing (directing their masters to game) in high brush, and flushing birds out of thickets. By the early 19th century, these dogs were known as cocker spaniels.

As the breed was imported into North America from the UK, it underwent a number of changes. American cocker spaniels were bred to be slightly smaller than their English counterparts: 2" (5 cm) shorter, with a smaller head and muzzle and a denser coat of long, silky hair. The American Kennel Club first recognized the breed in the late 1880s, but the English cocker was recognized separately in 1946.

The following description is of an “ideal” cocker spaniel. Not all cockers will fit the description exactly, but that’s not an issue unless you want one who can participate in dog shows.

Cocker spaniels are cheerful, sweet, and playful. They make intelligent, adaptable, and loyal pets, as well as impressive athletes and first-rate show dogs.

Here are some traits to consider when determining how well a cocker is going to fit in with you and your family.

Cockers are warm, friendly dogs who can share their lives with a variety of people, bringing the same amount of pleasure and companionship to each of them. Because they thrive on being included in just about everything that happens around them, they need significant attention—otherwise they may turn to howling or other unpleasant behaviors in order to cope with the situation. With proper training and socialization, most cocker spaniels are very good with children.

Cocker spaniels can settle comfortably in nearly any type of home, and they do well in both urban and rural settings. They require only a modest amount of space, so apartments usually suit them fine, but they also love to romp around in larger areas.

The cocker spaniel needs a moderate amount of exercise, which usually can be accomplished through daily walks and play periods. Physical activity should be made a part of his daily routine early on so that it becomes a healthy habit from the beginning.

Cockers are naturally curious, and this makes them a highly trainable breed capable of learning a wide variety of commands. They also are very playful, so training that is kept creative and fun will hold their interest longer and yield more positive results.