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Basic Diet Terminology
The focus of this guide is diet plans themselves rather than the broader topic of food and nutrition. However, since each diet discussed here employs some elementary nutritional terms, especially in explaining why and how they work, thumbnail definitions of some of this language will be helpful. (For more in-depth nutrition information, see the Quamut guide to Healthy Eating.)
Elements of Nutrition
You’re probably familiar with these words already, but just in case, here’s a quick refresher:
- Carbohydrates: “Carbs” for short, carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy and come in two categories. Simple carbohydrates, such as the kind found in fruits, are quickly digested and can provide a quick surge of energy. Complex carbohydrates take more time to digest and are found in whole-grain bread, pasta, rice, and vegetables, among other foods. When broken down, carbs produce glucose, the simple sugar that the body’s cells use for energy.
- Proteins: Found in both plant and animals sources, proteins are the body’s “building blocks” and are essential for growth and maintenance of all living cells.
- Fats: Fats store unused energy and transmit important vitamins through the body. One of their most important roles is keeping the skin healthy.
- Metabolism: This is the process—or, rather, processes—by which food is converted into energy. The faster a person’s metabolism, the more calories he or she burns.
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